What is actually streptococcus? The answer is both simple and very complex. Streptococcus bacteria are spherical in shape ("cocci"), arranged in the form of shorter and longer chains. In
this group there is a very large number of different bacterial species,
two of which are major causes of illness as children. These
include Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as betahemolitični
serological group A streptococcus) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (also
known as pneumococcus).
blue waffles trypophobia
Streptococcus pyogenes is the most important bacterial (most sore throats caused by viruses, though!) Cause sore throat or tonsillitis, how the disease is also called as the cause of scarlet fever (a disease also known as scarlet fever or škrlet). It causes a range of other diseases, but about them another time.
This time we talk about the second streptococcus, the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. As its name suggests, this is one of the bacteria (the most common bacterial) causes inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), but also causes other serious diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, otitis media (otitis media) or inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). Although it can cause other infections, for them this time will not be discussed because they are rarer and thus of lesser public health importance.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is - what is necessary to clearly point out - a normal inhabitant of the lining of the pharynx and oral cavity of man. From this area may spread and settle on the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Colonization of bacteria on the mucosa of the nasal cavity is usually not accompanied by any symptoms (signs) of disease and a normal and temporary condition that is referred to as colonization. Colonization is self-limiting condition and after a certain, short or long periods away. It should be noted that the state of colonization, not disease, and requires no treatment. Even more, the attempt to remove bacteria from the mucosa of the nasal cavity with antibiotics is not only often remain unsuccessful, but may be accompanied by a series of unwanted accompanying phenomena, such as allergic and toxic reactions caused by antibiotics, the diarrhea caused by antibiotics and razmonažavanjem fungi on the surface of the mucosa (often in vagina, but also in the pharynx and intestine). One of the side effects when giving antibiotics (which is more common if antibiotics in an environment more applicable) the development of resistance. Resistance means that the bacteria is no longer sensitive to the individual (or even simultaneously on the entire group) antibiotics. Often we hear from patients that they have become resistant to antibiotics, but as noted above, resistance to antibiotics is solely a property of bacteria. Although the development of bacterial resistance is inevitable and the medical indiciranoj antibiotic use, the problem multiplies when antibiotics are widely applied, as appropriate (particularly in viral infections where antibiotics have no effect, at least not positive and the "treatment" or attempts to eliminate colonization). It should be noted that the "failures" of treatment of viral infections with antibiotics and damaging confidence in this otherwise important and successful cures. Arguably the most common reason for unnecessary use of antibiotics in modern medical practice is when the bacteria were found in the mucosa of the nasal cavity (nasopharynx) or declare the causes throat infection with a viral infection. Although doctors can usually based on clinical features (general condition, course of illness, fever, changes in the mucosa) and with the help of a few additional tests (blood tests, X-ray examination, and to a lesser extent the lining of the throat swabs and nasopharyngeal) to distinguish viral from bacterial infection, patients (usually children) often receive antibiotics unnecessarily.
Represent special nursery and kindergarten, and school environments in which viral upper respiratory tract infection (accompanied runny nose, fever, inflamed eyes, cough, hoarseness at times) occur regularly, especially in autumn-winter period when children are more retained in the indoors, when it reduced the arrival of fresh, clean air (over keeping windows closed, with no periodic radiation). If symptoms do not clearly recognize as signs of viral infection, and often due to feelings of insecurity and a desire to remedy it, and even with the insistence of parents), often taking throat swabs and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The samples are then isolated the bacteria that colonize the mucous membranes(Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of these bacteria). With such a child will almost certainly take an antibiotic unnecessarily! The main cause of this unnecessary copying of antibiotics remains the pressure of parents (the expectation, even requirement that child to the doctor medication / antibiotic). Arguably the worst option is to voluntarily give your child antibiotics from home pharmacy. Since antibiotics in Croatia do not buy the free sale, these antibiotics are usually leftovers from the previous treatment of a family member, as soon as you alleviate the symptoms of the disease the rest of the prescription dose is kept "for a rainy day."
It is necessary at this point to emphasize that the pneumococcus, although it causes disease in humans, and sometimes serious illness, not a bacteria that could easily spread from one patient to another. In fact, it is very rarely a source of disease to humans sick person (eg pneumonia), but usually after the fall of the defense force's own strain of the disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is the man wearing the mucosa.But, to repeat the basic facts:
The possibility that a person (child) one day (maybe) get sick of streptococcal infection is not a reason to try using antibiotics (again, usually unsuccessfully) to remove bacteria from the surface of the mucosa.
The occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections in a larger number of members or semi closed collectives (nurseries, kindergartens, schools, and certainly no barracks, prisons) usually means a spread of respiratory viruses, a finding of bacteria (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), has no significance. Finding bacteria (in which parents sometimes insist) for all company members and contacts is unjustifiable, pointless and counterproductive, to say nothing of the unnecessary material costs, and found that mean and unnecessary antibiotic use!
The question is justified, and what to do for those patients (especially children) who are actually exposed to infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fortunately, recent years have developed effective vaccines that have been particularly successful in preventing the most serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and to a lesser extent for otitis media or sinusitis.
There are two basic types of vaccines. Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine (protects against multiple serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is based on polisaharidnoj envelope of bacteria) was first developed and successfully applied it to all age groups, but older than two years. Since it is not effective in children younger than two years, developed a conjugate vaccine that is given to children from two months to two years. We advise that parents about how to vaccination, the protection achieved (and possible side effects) inform the competent pediatrician, family doctor or epidemiologist. In any case, this vaccine can be included in those measures which are designated as prevention is better than cure.
Certainly, one should be aware that at the present stage there is no possibility of full protection against pneumococcal disease. In the case of pneumococcal disease is necessary to carry out antibiotic treatment, but mandatory under the supervision of physicians, NO carriers ARE NOT TREATED!
blue waffles trypophobia
Streptococcus pyogenes is the most important bacterial (most sore throats caused by viruses, though!) Cause sore throat or tonsillitis, how the disease is also called as the cause of scarlet fever (a disease also known as scarlet fever or škrlet). It causes a range of other diseases, but about them another time.
This time we talk about the second streptococcus, the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. As its name suggests, this is one of the bacteria (the most common bacterial) causes inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), but also causes other serious diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, otitis media (otitis media) or inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). Although it can cause other infections, for them this time will not be discussed because they are rarer and thus of lesser public health importance.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is - what is necessary to clearly point out - a normal inhabitant of the lining of the pharynx and oral cavity of man. From this area may spread and settle on the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Colonization of bacteria on the mucosa of the nasal cavity is usually not accompanied by any symptoms (signs) of disease and a normal and temporary condition that is referred to as colonization. Colonization is self-limiting condition and after a certain, short or long periods away. It should be noted that the state of colonization, not disease, and requires no treatment. Even more, the attempt to remove bacteria from the mucosa of the nasal cavity with antibiotics is not only often remain unsuccessful, but may be accompanied by a series of unwanted accompanying phenomena, such as allergic and toxic reactions caused by antibiotics, the diarrhea caused by antibiotics and razmonažavanjem fungi on the surface of the mucosa (often in vagina, but also in the pharynx and intestine). One of the side effects when giving antibiotics (which is more common if antibiotics in an environment more applicable) the development of resistance. Resistance means that the bacteria is no longer sensitive to the individual (or even simultaneously on the entire group) antibiotics. Often we hear from patients that they have become resistant to antibiotics, but as noted above, resistance to antibiotics is solely a property of bacteria. Although the development of bacterial resistance is inevitable and the medical indiciranoj antibiotic use, the problem multiplies when antibiotics are widely applied, as appropriate (particularly in viral infections where antibiotics have no effect, at least not positive and the "treatment" or attempts to eliminate colonization). It should be noted that the "failures" of treatment of viral infections with antibiotics and damaging confidence in this otherwise important and successful cures. Arguably the most common reason for unnecessary use of antibiotics in modern medical practice is when the bacteria were found in the mucosa of the nasal cavity (nasopharynx) or declare the causes throat infection with a viral infection. Although doctors can usually based on clinical features (general condition, course of illness, fever, changes in the mucosa) and with the help of a few additional tests (blood tests, X-ray examination, and to a lesser extent the lining of the throat swabs and nasopharyngeal) to distinguish viral from bacterial infection, patients (usually children) often receive antibiotics unnecessarily.
Represent special nursery and kindergarten, and school environments in which viral upper respiratory tract infection (accompanied runny nose, fever, inflamed eyes, cough, hoarseness at times) occur regularly, especially in autumn-winter period when children are more retained in the indoors, when it reduced the arrival of fresh, clean air (over keeping windows closed, with no periodic radiation). If symptoms do not clearly recognize as signs of viral infection, and often due to feelings of insecurity and a desire to remedy it, and even with the insistence of parents), often taking throat swabs and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The samples are then isolated the bacteria that colonize the mucous membranes(Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of these bacteria). With such a child will almost certainly take an antibiotic unnecessarily! The main cause of this unnecessary copying of antibiotics remains the pressure of parents (the expectation, even requirement that child to the doctor medication / antibiotic). Arguably the worst option is to voluntarily give your child antibiotics from home pharmacy. Since antibiotics in Croatia do not buy the free sale, these antibiotics are usually leftovers from the previous treatment of a family member, as soon as you alleviate the symptoms of the disease the rest of the prescription dose is kept "for a rainy day."
It is necessary at this point to emphasize that the pneumococcus, although it causes disease in humans, and sometimes serious illness, not a bacteria that could easily spread from one patient to another. In fact, it is very rarely a source of disease to humans sick person (eg pneumonia), but usually after the fall of the defense force's own strain of the disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is the man wearing the mucosa.But, to repeat the basic facts:
The possibility that a person (child) one day (maybe) get sick of streptococcal infection is not a reason to try using antibiotics (again, usually unsuccessfully) to remove bacteria from the surface of the mucosa.
The occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections in a larger number of members or semi closed collectives (nurseries, kindergartens, schools, and certainly no barracks, prisons) usually means a spread of respiratory viruses, a finding of bacteria (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), has no significance. Finding bacteria (in which parents sometimes insist) for all company members and contacts is unjustifiable, pointless and counterproductive, to say nothing of the unnecessary material costs, and found that mean and unnecessary antibiotic use!
The question is justified, and what to do for those patients (especially children) who are actually exposed to infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fortunately, recent years have developed effective vaccines that have been particularly successful in preventing the most serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and to a lesser extent for otitis media or sinusitis.
There are two basic types of vaccines. Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine (protects against multiple serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is based on polisaharidnoj envelope of bacteria) was first developed and successfully applied it to all age groups, but older than two years. Since it is not effective in children younger than two years, developed a conjugate vaccine that is given to children from two months to two years. We advise that parents about how to vaccination, the protection achieved (and possible side effects) inform the competent pediatrician, family doctor or epidemiologist. In any case, this vaccine can be included in those measures which are designated as prevention is better than cure.
Certainly, one should be aware that at the present stage there is no possibility of full protection against pneumococcal disease. In the case of pneumococcal disease is necessary to carry out antibiotic treatment, but mandatory under the supervision of physicians, NO carriers ARE NOT TREATED!
